Essay about What Is Distributive Justice - 5286 Words

What is Distributive Justice? Distributive justice is generally referred to as fairness regarding the pattern of distribution among individuals. In order for distributive justice to be met, it is necessary for goods to be distributed fairly or justly. Goods are anything that holds value to any person(s); if something does not have any value then it is not a good. Value is the main requirement for something to be considered a good; therefore, not only physical goods hold value. Thus, such things as labor and medical insurance can be considered a good (Galvin and Lockhart 1182). There are also different principles of distributive justice as interpreted by the different support groups. The first of these principles is the one of strict†¦show more content†¦Good rulers were philosophers that were not motivated by competition, but by knowledge (598). Failure to apply this type of government in which philosophers rule would result in the government turning into a certain vice, such as timocracy, oligarchy, d emocracy, democracy, and tyranny. Plato describes inherent flaws in each of these, and notes that each vice is worse than the one it precedes (601). Plato then mentions people reflect much of the same characteristics as a city, and each person has three souls. The rational soul represents the mind, the spirited soul acts in accordance with the rational soul, and the appetitive soul represents a person’s emotions. Plato believed justice would materialize when all of the elements were working in harmony with one another. He also believed that justice is more appealing than injustice. A person who is just is happier, and the people that are unjust are unhappy. He went as far as to say the more unjust a man is; to more wretched he will be (Sachs 142). Plato also claims that justice is to the human soul what health is to the human body. This was the most criticized part of Plato’s Republic. He stated that everyone wants to be just and live in harmony. Yet, he gives very lit tle proof of this in the Republic, he claims the reason one must lead a just life is because a just life is a happier life (Sachs 142).he argues that oneShow MoreRelatedDemocracy And The Problem Of Distributive Justice1443 Words   |  6 PagesDemocracy and the Problem of Distributive Justice The preliminary point into an inquiry of distributive justice is to disconnect the conjunction of â€Å"distributive,† and â€Å"justice†. For the purpose of this essay, I will inherit and accept John Rawls explanation of justice from A Theory of Justice. â€Å"Justice,† according to Rawls, â€Å"is the first virtue of social institutions.† Therefore, from a societal perspective, justice as the first virtue negates the utilitarian maxim that a loss of freedom forRead MoreDetermining Who Should Receive An Organ Transplant Can1666 Words   |  7 Pagesterms of distributive justice. This concept of justice is based on the scarcity of a certain good (in this case, organs) and that distribution of said good is dependent on the strength of an agent’s claim to the good. Essentially, this type of justice takes into account the distributive norm of need into consideration. In my opinion, along with the distributive norm of need, matters of distributive j ustice should also consider the distributive norm of equity as well. While the distributive norm ofRead MoreJustice Is The Greatest Interest Of Mankind And Every Individual Desire Fair Treatment1689 Words   |  7 PagesThe issue of justice or fairness is the greatest interest of mankind and every individual desire fair treatment at all times. Lerner, (2003) found that justice affects employees’ effectiveness because of the strong interpersonal relationship that result from fair treatment. The service quality of an organization like a hospital cannot be achieved where employees are dissatisfied and psychologically divorced from their supervisors and organizations. Wong and Sohal, (2003) sees customers’ perceivedRead MoreCorrective and Distributive Justice802 Words   |  3 PagesINTRODUCTION Corrective and distributive justice both provide a basis for which tort law operates, although corrective justice is more widely applied and acknowledged, as it generally controls the way damages operate in cases. However, as shown by some cases in tort law, it is not always applied and therefore is not the only principle that has shaped tort law into what it is today. II DISTRIBUTIVE AND COMMUTATIVE JUSTICE: HISTORY AND THEORY A Corrective Justice Corrective justice exists in the transactionsRead MoreBusiness Ethics658 Words   |  3 PagesThe Three Ethical Principles: Individual Rights, Utilitarianism and Distributive Justice Timothy Sexton Timothy Sexton, Yahoo Contributor Network Jul 25, 2008 Share your voice on Yahoo websites. Start Here. MORE:Individual RightsUtilitarianism FlagPost a comment Ethics is an enormous field of philosophic study, but basically it all boils down to three general principles that can then branch off into various sub-groupings and variations on the basic theme. Ethical conduct in society, thereforeRead MoreProcedural Justice And Job Satisfaction Of Nursing Employees1523 Words   |  7 Pages outcome. According to the write-up, â€Å"procedural justice and job satisfaction of nursing employees are positively and significantly related to their innovative behavior† (Xerri, 2014, p.4), and â€Å"interactional justice directly affects job satisfaction and indirectly affects innovative behavior through job satisfaction† (Xerri, 2014, p.4). In other words, an organization that engages in practical apprehensions reaps perfected job satisfaction, which in turn has a bearing on workplace attitudes. ToRead MoreTypes of Justice as Outlined in the Ralsian Theory1671 Words   |  7 PagesJustice is another important ethical standard. Justice involves protecting individual rights, or preventing an injustice to an individual. Justice also requires us to compare cases to avoid discriminating or treating people differently who are alike in relevant respects. Succinctly, it means treating people fairly. Issues involving questions of justice and fairness are usually divided into three categories, that of distributive justice, retributive justice and compensatory justice. DistributiveRead MoreThe View Of Smedess Views Of Contemporary Theologians1450 Words   |  6 Pagesissues both in the Church and in the secular society. On the issue of rights and justice, Smedes believes that: â€Å"Everyone has right and that right existed before justice came into being. He adds that justice is associated with the arranging of things (tangible and intangible) in human society, so that individuals and groups respect each other’s rights and claims. Based on this perception, he sees distributive justice as that â€Å"done when all people get a fair share of these kinds of wealth† (26). HoweverRead MoreFormal and Substantive Equality1185 Words   |  5 Pagesensure the wellbeing of individuals based on race, ethnicity, sex, age etc. Unfortunately, this side of equality does not recognize diversity and is insufficient for promoting social inclusiveness. Even though it may give the illusion of equality and justice, it is actually creating inequality and is actually ending up discriminating individuals (EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, 2004). Substantive equality is referred to as equity in the sense that equality also involves recognizing differences whenRead MoreAristotle s Views On Politics1031 Words   |  5 Pagessociety, which means dealing with other people and their desires. Because we must live in a society, Aristotle also has his own ideas on justice, which he believes comes in two forms: distributive and corrective. More on the two forms will be discussed in this document. To apply these viewpoints, rationals, and virtues to the contemporary world, first I have to explain what they are in depth. Aristotle’s idea that the good is the final cause comes from observation of the object in question. For example

Chapter Three Research Methodology - 1634 Words

Chapter Three: Research Methodology 3.1 Introduction Having recognized the theoretical framework in relation to the research purpose, the following procedure is to identify, analyze and evaluate research techniques required for data collection. In order to meet the objectives set out by this study, one must ensure that the appropriate research methods have been adopted. This chapter critically analyses the available research methods; while providing justification for the approach used in this research. The research methodology of this study will be built around Saunders et al. (2007) framework; the ‘Onion Model’ (Figure 1), which shows highlights a number of philosophical approaches. Figure 1: Saunders’ onion model of research philosophy (Source: Saunders: et al. 2009). 3.2 Research Philosophy An interpretivist research philosophy has been adopted throughout this study, as the challenges of small business remain a subjective matter, which differ from one person to another. Interpretivism draws on the importance of understanding and interpreting the participants’ actions and social world from their point of view (Bryman Bell, 2007). This study emphasis on understanding the challenges in small business in contrast to predicting the challenges which would otherwise require a positivist stance, hence a positivist philosophy was avoided. Positivists believe that research should be undertaken in a value-free way; by simply searching for facts in order to test hypothesisShow MoreRelatedChapter Three. 3-Research Methodology . The Chapter Contains1484 Words   |  6 Pages CHAPTER THREE 3-Research Methodology The chapter contains the methodology which will be employee for the study that focuses on the real estate development and other investment multipronged implication to the sustenance of rural livelihood analysis of Dukem town. 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Furthermore, the positivist research paradigm is suitable forRead MoreNotes On Mergers And Acquisitions1705 Words   |  7 Pagesthe existence of abnormal return on the announcement of mergers and acquisitions. This study will first examine the impact of mergers and announcement for the sample as a whole (the entire companies). After worth the sample will be divided into three categories based on the type of companies’ news which is good news, bad news and no news company. The purpose of segregated the companies based on the news types is to examine the impact of mergers and acquisitions based on news. 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The Advantages and Disadvantages to Robotics Free Essays

In this paper we will be talking about the advantages and disadvantages of robotics in the modern era. The use of robotics in the modern era has greatly increased since the prior era. I will explain how robots are used everywhere from industrial companies to medical facilities. We will write a custom essay sample on The Advantages and Disadvantages to Robotics or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first thing that I will be discussing is the advantages of robotics. In 2006 a California based intuitive Surgical Inc. launched a new surgical system called â€Å"the da Vinci surgical system†. This is based from an article in the May 2010 edition of Yale scientific magazine this system was a major advantage for both doctors and patients going through major surgeries. One of the greatest aspects of this system is that its precise surgical tools are controlled by remote access. The surgeon, sitting at a console located several feet from the patient on the operating table, uses a hand and foot based control panel. This system has multiple arms with numerous tools like a scalpel, scissors. Also the system has a full 3-D stereoscopic vision of any and all procedures. The da Vinci System offers many advantages over open surgery for both the surgeon and the patient. For the surgeon, the robotic arms offer greater mobility since their range of rotation is not constrained like the human wrists. In other words while cutting off tissue this can be done in one swift movement instead of the Jerking and start stop movement. How to cite The Advantages and Disadvantages to Robotics, Essay examples

Paradox Research in Management Science †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Paradox Research in Management Science. Answer: Introduction The organisation and management studies are the most specific research areas that help in creating and disseminating the knowledge about the corporate setting. The extended study in this research area develops the understanding regarding the human and social sustainability. In this contemporary society, organisation and management studies have become the central phenomenon. According to Coghlan, David, and Teresa (2014), the organisation and management studies are necessary to be studied from various perspectives. The wider aspects of the management and organization research reflect on the wider area of accounting and marketing, technology and communication, and personnel management and strategy. It is stated that the management and organisation research is more focus on the application than the pure knowledge. The study thus aims to identify the necessity of making the organisation and research study more interesting and imaginative. It has been observed that some of the scholars ha ve presented their contradictory views on the necessities of management and organisation research studies. The argumentative discussion would be developed in this study to analyze the importance and the implications of the associated theories and practices. The enriched knowledge in the management and organisational context helps an individual to perform better in a corporate and social setting. Therefore, the studies related to the organisational behaviour are considered as one of the major elements in the management sciences that promotes the insightful ideas about the organisational behavior (Bolman, Lee and Terrence 2017). Apparently, it is implied that the measurement of the financial strength determines the past success of the government whereas the success should be measured from diverse perspectives. The determination regarding the stability of cutting-edge technology helps in identifying the right direction that the organisation should take. It also develops the idea about the better criteria from which the company would receive profitable investment return. In addition to this, Bromiley et al. (2015) argued that the organisational success mostly depends on the systematic structure and the association of the skilled people. Kieser et al. (2015) opined that the diverse organisational structures reflect the different types of strengths and weaknesses. In order to judge the potentiality, it is essential to focus on four major elements, such as culture, motivation, change, and system. Motivation helps in understanding the individual attributes that appear when they are in a group. The professional suggested that the behavioural judgment of an individual in terms of motivating other is essential (Schad et al. 2016). On the other hand, the culture represents the method of influencing others behaviour to generate the common attitude towards accomplishing the organisational goals. Many of the organisational theorists tend to practice the appropriate behaviour that would ensure success and influencing others motives to perform better (Ruderman et al. 2016). When the strong culture aligns with the organisational goals, it develops the innovative business practices. On the contrary, the weak culture within the org anisation degrades the business performance and creates more conflicts. According to Luthans, Fred, and Doh (2018), in todays business environment, motivation and culture is the most important segment to develop the appropriate organisational behaviour and accomplish the predetermined goals. The organisation and management research is necessary for gathering the enriched knowledge about the appropriate method of conducting any business. Pinder (2014) stated that the efficient management helps in differentiating the successful and unsuccessful business by measuring the quality of the management team. If the management fails to observe the business potentiality for the long run, it would be difficult for them to develop a systematic strategic outline for the future business practices. Hence, if the business marketers develop the complete understanding on the efficient management practices and the theoretical concept, it would be much beneficial in planning the necessary functionalities Ramdhani et al. (2017). An extensive market research would generate the enriched ideas about the business context and the factors that influence the employee behaviour for performing better. The engineering approach is also part of this review and monitoring process (Kieser et al. 2015). It helps in enhancing the knowledge regarding the impacts of bureaucracies, which is an essential component of business management. For example, the business managers can derive the enriched knowledge regarding the application of the best business practices by understanding the theoretical concepts. The application of the appropriate theoretical knowledge in the business practices helps in developing the suitable organisation behaviour and accomplishing the business goals. The management started experiencing the growth during the latter part of 19th century that continued till the 20th century. The rise of the industrial revolution continued growing with the innovative business practices. The majority of the industrial growth was noticed in United States and Europe. Smith et al. (2018) implied that the business management often seek the proper guidance in industrial manufacturing and the method of growing the financial resources for the future sustainability. The emergency management theory, for an example, provides the insightful ideas about the method of managing the crisis scenario that have the higher chances of reputational damage. Cohen, Jason and Karen (2015) implied that the existing management theory provides a sound basis to develop the emergency management concept by utilizing the scheduled planning, leading, organizing, and controlling process. Anderson et al. (2018) argued that deriving knowledge from the management theories would not be e nough in leading the organisation in a significant manner. It is essential to understand the method of proper application of these theories into the business practices. The management always requires analyzing the situation and conducting the extensive research on the subject area. If the practical application of such theoretical framework would be analyzed, it would be beneficial for a business to organize the functionalities in a successive way. On the contrary, some of the scholars even presented their contradictory view in such regards. Galegher et al. (2014) mentioned that the development of the knowledge on the engineering approaches would enhance the knowledge regarding the impacts of bureaucracies, which is an essential part of business management. In fact, the debate also extended to describe the role of the manager within an organisation. Otley (2015) explained that the managers play the vital role in directing the organisation to accomplish the organisational goals in a rational manner. The reflection of the informational, interpersonal, and decisional roles is the major concerned areas while developing the understanding of the managerial contribution. The emergency theory of management suggests the appropriate approach of the manager that is needed to be undertaken in order to deal with the uncertain situations. Another most significant approach of the management and organisation studies is the conceptual ideas derived on Total Quality Management. The organisational Total Quality Management determines the overall and continuous improvement of the various functionalities performed in an organisation (Savino, Matteo and Enkhjargal 2015). The theory based on the total quality management provides the considerable ideas about how the management can improve the internal functionalities and manage the associated people for the better performance parameter (Vom Brocke et al. 2016). An extensive market research would generate the enriched ideas about the business context and the factors that influence the employee behaviour for performing better. The management always requires analyzing the situation and conducting the extensive research on the subject area. It is notified that the emergency management theory also addresses the operational functions for developing the total quality management practic es within the work place. On the other hand, the behavior scientists suggested that it is essential to involve the community organisations to develop the planning and mitigation strategies. Therefore, it can be inferred that the management emergency theory helps in appropriate method of utilizing the efficient use of the resources during the crisis scenario. Smith et al. (2018) opined that the formulation of the management concepts and theories encourages the schools of business during the 20th century. The current academic programs and the different management practices are also associated with some of the doctoral programs. Apart from the emergency management theory, the Management System Theory also has the significant contribution to the development of the management and organisational research. Some of the researchers even argued that the Management System Theory has the superior excellence in developing the complete understanding of the management practices in a challenging scenario (Galegher et al. 2014). If the societies are viewed as the complex open system, the management system theory would thus be considered as the method of managing such scenario. Therefore, it has been observed that the ongoing debates on need of management and organisation research have continued. System theory is utilized in identifying the entire organisational setting, creating the links between the identified subjects, and scheduling the workplace functionalities to develop the better performance. Cohen, Jason and Karen (2015) opposed this view by stating that the system theory often includes critical components that can make the organisational practices more complex. The maintenance of the subsystems, synergy, holism, open system, strategic constituencies, functionalism, boundaries, feedback, and interface are the part of this System Theory that makes the functions more complicated. Another most considerable management theory is Organisational Culture Theory, which concentrates on the effects of organizational constraints. Smith et al. (2018) indicated that the emergence of the obstructions within the organisation helps the management to enhance their analytical skills and develop the improved atmosphere for the associated employees. The implementation of the dynamic business process is thus helpful in developing the innovative business practices suitable for the sustainable growth. It is notable that the business management faces the considerable challenges due to the changing scenario (Janssens, Maddy, and Patrizia 2014). Especially, when the business organisations face the threats from the external environment, it becomes much challenging for the management to operate. In fact, the diverse cultural background also emerges the challenges for the companies (Kieser et al. 2015). The extensive research on the management culture theory helps in developing the enri ched knowledge in responsive service delivery and proactive initiatives for mitigating the risks. It also suggests the method of maintaining the transparent communication with the people from different cultural background. Accordingly, the management has the significant contribution to the Emergency Management Theory. Management is responsible to review and monitor the strategic planning process and adjust the operational function to mitigate the gap. On the other hand Galegher et al. (2014) pointed out that the environment scanning clarifies the effects of advanced technologies, press, legal norms, elected officials, natural environment, and citizens on the internal and external business operations. Contingency Theory and Approach is also a part of management theories that have the significant impact on management practices and organisational functions. According to Luthans, Fred, and Doh (2018), contingency theory highlights the principles and practices of the organisations that are completely based on the situational occurrences. It is developed by judging the situational appropriateness and the acceptability level. Cohen, Jason and Karen (2015) argued that the traditional management approaches are insignificant in current days and these practices need more improvement to keep pace with the advancements. Therefore, it can be stated that the concept of management depends on the set of variables that allows the use to apply the appropriate theory fit to the organisational practices or any particular situation. It also allows the management theory to be applied to the effective intercultural context by considering the needs and preferences of the customs and cultures. Kieser et al. (2015) developed the idea of the crisis management, which is an integral part of the management planning process. It is described that the systematic development of the contingency plan addresses the crisis situation and deals with the threats and hazards. The literature based on the management practices highlights that the management requires developing the awareness regarding the crisis scenario and delivering the solutions for the unplanned disasters. It is thus important to know the contribution of the management structure for minimizing the disruption level and creating the proficient management practices. The professional suggested that the behavioural judgment of an individual in terms of motivating other is essential. When the strong culture aligns with the organisational goals, it develops the innovative business practices. An extensive market research would generate the enriched ideas about the business context and the factors that influence the employee behav iour for performing better (Ramdhani et al. 2017). The management always requires analyzing the situation and conducting the extensive research on the subject area. The contingency plan somewhat deals with the emergency theory. The emergency theory of management suggests the appropriate approach of the manager that is needed to be undertaken in order to deal with the uncertain situations. Hence, the development of the contingency plan depends on the identification of the emergency situation. Aligning with the emergency theory provides the structural analysis of the practices that are needed to be undertaken to develop responses to these crisis scenario. It is notified that the emergency management theory also addresses the operational functions for developing the total quality management practices within the work place. On the other hand, the contingency plan suggests such practices that the management requires applying to the regular functions. Creating awareness is the major focus of this management practice. The management has the significant contribution to the Emergency Management Theory (Ramdhani et al. 2017). When the business organisations face the threats from the external environment, it becomes much challenging for the management to operate and need the quick response. Management is responsible to review and monitor the strategic planning process and adjust the operational function to mitigate the gap (Kieser et al. 2015). Application of these specific functions strengthens the business potentiality to create the awareness and prevent the uncertainties. As contingency theory highlights the principles and practices of the organisations that are completely based on the situational occurrences, it requires the collaboration with the management practices. Even in case of developing the understanding the management studies in the academic level. Conclusion The study provides the in-depth knowledge about the reasons for researching on management and organisational context. The obtained ideas from the research indicates that gathering the pure information about the organisational functions and management is not enough. The current business world demands for better and more applied solution that presents the innovative approaches. The technological advancements and the changes in the business demands are the major driving force for implementing the innovative technicalities. The role of the managers would encourage the employees to develop the working atmosphere that promotes more learning opportunities and generates the job satisfaction. Solution regarding the applied management process and more creative and innovative business functions would be appreciated in this updated genre of business. Hence, the imaginative, innovative, and applied management process would be more appropriate for the current business world. References Anderson, David R., Dennis J. Sweeney, Thomas A. Williams, Jeffrey D. Camm, and James J. Cochran.An Introduction to Management Science: Quantitative Approach. Cengage learning, 2018. Bolman, Lee G., and Terrence E. Deal.Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice, and leadership. John Wiley Sons, 2017. Bromiley, Philip, Michael McShane, Anil Nair, and Elzotbek Rustambekov. "Enterprise risk management: Review, critique, and research directions."Long range planning48, no. 4 (2015): 265-276. Coghlan, David, and Teresa Brannick.Doing action research in your own organization. Sage, 2014. Cohen, Jason F., and Karen Olsen. "Knowledge management capabilities and firm performance: A test of universalistic, contingency and complementarity perspectives."Expert Systems with Applications42, no. 3 (2015): 1178-1188. De Hauw, Sara, and Jeff Greenhaus. "15 Building a sustainable career: the role of workhome balance in career decision making."Handbook of research on sustainable careers(2015): 223. Galegher, Jolene, Robert E. Kraut, and Carmen Egido. "Work Group Structure and Information Technology: A Structural Contingency Approach." InIntellectual Teamwork, pp. 77-92. Psychology Press, 2014. Gastaldi, Luca, Francesco Paolo Appio, Elisabetta Raguseo, Paolo Neirotti, Antonella Martini, Mariano Corso, and Emilio Paolucci. "To change work is to change twice: An empirical investigation of new working configurations." In16th International Continuous Innovation Network (CINet) Conference Pursuing Innovation Leadership, pp. 348-359. 2015. Janssens, Maddy, and Patrizia Zanoni. "Alternative diversity management: Organizational practices fostering ethnic equality at work."Scandinavian Journal of Management30, no. 3 (2014): 317-331. Kieser, Alfred, Alexander Nicolai, and David Seidl. "The practical relevance of management research: Turning the debate on relevance into a rigorous scientific research program."The Academy of Management Annals9, no. 1 (2015): 143-233. Kieser, Alfred, Alexander Nicolai, and David Seidl. "The practical relevance of management research: Turning the debate on relevance into a rigorous scientific research program."The Academy of Management Annals9, no. 1 (2015): 143-233. Luthans, Fred, and Jonathan P. Doh.International management: Culture, strategy, and behavior. McGraw-Hill, 2018. Otley, David. "In Management Control."Critical Perspectives in Management Control(2015): 27. Pinder, Craig C.Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press, 2014. Ramdhani, Abdullah, Muhammad Ali Ramdhani, and Hilda Ainissyifa. "Conceptual Framework of Corporate Culture Influenced on Employees Commitment to Organization."International Business Management11, no. 3 (2017): 826-830. Ruderman, M., P. Braddy, K. Hannum, and E. Kossek. "Making Your Life Work A New Approach to Increasing Your Effectiveness On and Off the Job."Center for Creative Leadership(2016). Savino, Matteo Mario, and Enkhjargal Batbaatar. "Investigating the resources for Integrated Management Systems within resource-based and contingency perspective in manufacturing firms."Journal of Cleaner Production104 (2015): 392-402. Schad, Jonathan, Marianne W. Lewis, Sebastian Raisch, and Wendy K. Smith. "Paradox research in management science: Looking back to move forward."The Academy of Management Annals10, no. 1 (2016): 5-64. Smith, Gavin, Amanda Martin, and Dennis E. Wenger. "Disaster Recovery in an Era of Climate Change: The Unrealized Promise of Institutional Resilience." InHandbook of Disaster Research, pp. 595-619. Springer, Cham, 2018. Vom Brocke, Jan, Sarah Zelt, and Theresa Schmiedel. "On the role of context in business process management."International Journal of Information Management36, no. 3 (2016): 486-495.